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New Data: Efficacy And Responder Analyses Of Divigel(R) (estradiol Gel) 0.1 Percent For The Treatment Of Menopause
Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc. presented the results of a secondary analysis to determine the response rates to three doses of transdermal Divigel(R) (estradiol gel) 0.1 percent at the recent 57th Annual Clinical Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) in Chicago. The objectives of this secondary analysis of a phase III efficacy trial were to determine the percent of postmenopausal women who achieved a greater than 50 percent reduction in the frequency of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (MSVMS), or hot flashes, and to assess the change from baseline in a quality of life (Kupperman) index score that evaluated various menopausal symptoms. Divigel(R) doses studied included 1.0 mg, 0.5 mg and 0.25 mg of estradiol/day - the lowest effective approved dose of estradiol available for the treatment of MSVMS. The analysis showed a significantly greater percentage of women in all treatment groups versus placebo experienced > / = 50 percent reduction in the frequency of MSVMS at week 12. In the Divigel(R) 1.0 mg estradiol/day dosing group, 90 percent of women reported at least a 50 percent reduction in the frequency of MSVMS. Additionally, at 12 weeks, each of the doses of Divigel(R) significantly reduced the severity of menopausal symptoms identified by a quality of life index score compared to placebo.
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PCMA Statement On The Administration's Comments Regarding Financing Health Care Reform
The Pharmaceutical Care Management Association (PCMA) released the following statement today on the Administration"s comments regarding financing health care reform:
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Better Outcomes With Computer Aided Surgery - High Costs As An Obstacle To Broad Use
There are many indications that computer aided surgery has a major role to play in improving results in orthopaedic surgery, says Dr. Stefano Zaffagnini, who has played a pioneering role in the use of this technology and who moderates a symposium on this theme at the Congress of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT), taking place from June 3 to 6 in Vienna, with more than 8,000 participants from around the world. This technology should allow total knee prosthesis using minimally invasive surgery to become a standard procedure within a decade. Osteotomy and hip operations are only two of the many other fields where computer aided surgery can also markedly improve results for patients, experts state at the EFFORT Congress in Vienna.
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Second Language Represented In Different Part Of Brain, Single Case Study Suggests

A single case study from Israel of a bilingual man who suffered damage to one part of his brain suggests that a person"s first and second language are represented in different parts of the brain. Dr Raphiq Ibrahim of the Department of Learning Disabilities at the University of Haifa carried out the study and published a short paper on it in March 2009 in the journal Behavioral and Brain Functions. He also revealed a bit more about his work to the media yesterday, 8 July. Research on where different languages sit in the brain is unclear, especially that which investigates languages of similar and different linguistic structures, said Ibrahim. Some studies suggest that all the languages a person learns are represented in one area of the brain while others suggest that second and susequent languages are dissociated in the brain from the mother tongue. While there are several ways to investigate this further, Ibrahim said the best way was to examine a bilingual person who has suffered brain damage. His patient was a 41-year old bilingual man with Arabic as his mother tongue and fluent to a high level in Hebrew which he used in his professional life. The patient had suffered brain damage as a result of hemorrhage related to herpes encephalitis that left him with language disorder or aphasia that was still present after rehabilitation. During rehabilitation the man"s Arabic improved more than his Hebrew. After rehabilitation Ibrahim invited the patient to complete standardized language and cognitive tests that showed damage to his Hebrew skills was significantly greater than damage to his Arabic skills. Ibrahim wrote that: "The results revealed dissociation between the two languages in terms of both the types and the magnitude of errors, pointing to aphasic symptoms in both languages, with Hebrew being the more impaired." Further analysis also showed that the dissociation was caused by damage at the lexical level (vocabulary) rather than to the semantic system (meaning and interpretation). Ibrahim"s paper concluded that: "The results suggest that the principles governing the organization of lexical representations in the brain are not similar for the two languages." Ibrahim told the press that even though this is not enough evidence from which to develop a structural model of language representation in the brain, this finding is an important step because the two languages, which have similar structure, phonetics and syntax, have not been studied like this before. "Most of the evidence in this field is derived from clinical observations of brain damage in English- and Indo-European-speaking patients, and few studies have been carried out on individuals who speak other languages, especially Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Arabic." said Ibrahim. "Selective deficit of second language: a case study of a brain-damaged Arabic-Hebrew bilingual patient." Ibrahim R. Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009, 5:17. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-17 Published online 12 March 2009. University of Haifa. Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today


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