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Discovery Of Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Factor
Neural stem cells represent the cellular backup of our brain. These cells are capable of self-renewal to form new stem cells or differentiate into neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes have supportive functions in the environment of neurons, while oligodendrocytes form the myelin layer around axons in order to accelerate neuronal signal transmission. But how does a neural stem cell "know" which way it is supposed to develop? On the molecular level receptors of the Notch family play a significant role in this process. So far, only stimulating extracellular ligands of Notch receptors had been described. Biochemists of Goethe University Medical School now describe a long time assumed but not yet identified soluble Notch inhibitor.
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The Cytoplasmic Talk Of Retroviruses Helps Them Spread From Cell To Cell
It is known that Retroviruses, such as HIV, that are already within cells
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Chinese Government Reports Abortion Statistics
Chinese state media on Thursday reported that women in the country have about 13 million abortions annually, the AP/Houston Chronicle reports. According to the China Daily newspaper, the actual number likely is much higher because the 13 million includes abortions performed in hospitals but not unreported procedures performed in rural clinics. Most of the abortions were among single young women who experts say know little about contraception. The paper also said that about 10 million pills for medical abortion are sold annually in the country. China imposed strict population controls in the 1970s that prohibit most couples from having more than one child. For married women, sterilization and the use of intrauterine devices are widely promoted and subsidized. However, Chinese policies typically do not address the needs of unmarried women, even as national attitudes have become more accepting of sex outside of marriage, the AP/Chronicle reports. According to the newspaper, about 62% of the abortions were among unmarried women ages 20 to 29. The Chinese report called the number of abortions "an unfortunate situation" but did not indicate whether the procedures are increasing or decreasing from year to year. National Population and Family Planning Commission official Wu Shangchun is quoted in the report as saying that almost half of the women seeking abortion had used no form of contraception. Wu also said that reducing abortions is a national challenge that requires significant effort. Peking University professor Li Ying said that sex education in China must be improved at the university level and that Chinese parents must do more to teach children about sex (AP/Houston Chronicle, 7/30).
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Recent Releases: USAID; NTD Fact Sheet, Journal; Ethics In NGO Research

Blog Examines State Of USAID, Potential Farmer Appointment The OhMyGov! blog examines the possible appointment of Partners in Health co-founder Paul Farmer to lead USAID, "a troubled institution that has been without a leader since President Obama"s inauguration." The blog looks at the vetting process and what some "USAID watchers" say about Farmer"s potential nomination and the future of the agency. "Even if he doesn"t end up leading USAID, Farmer may take another position working on global health policy at either USAID or the State Department," according to the blog (Knight, 7/30). Fact Sheet Examines Global NTDS, U.S. Policy Response A recently released Kaiser Family Foundation fact sheet examines neglected tropical diseases, a group of parasitic and bacterial infections that primarily affect the most impoverished and vulnerable populations in the world, which have received scant attention until recently. It also looks at the U.S. policy response (7/29). PLoS Medicine Examines Ethics Review In Research Conducted By Humanitarian Groups "Many nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) provide medical care and humanitarian assistance to some of the most vulnerable populations on earth. Increasingly, such organizations are also important producers of health research, which can range from simple health surveys or interview studies, to complex clinical trials," the authors of a PLoS Medicine editorial write in a piece that examines some of the ethical issues that arise in these circumstances. "NGOs have a long and proud history of caring and speaking for the most vulnerable populations. That such organizations now conduct research to inform their care and advocacy is to be welcomed. Their messages are widely heard; conducting and publishing high-quality research that adheres to the highest principles can only empower their voices further," the authors conclude (7/28). A separate PLoS Medicine article examines the function of the independent ethics review board used by Mç©decins Sans Frontiç¨res (MSF), the international humanitarian aid organization, and some of the ethical challenges the board has faced since its inception in 2001 (Schopper, 7/28). PLoS NTD Journal Marks Two Years Of Publication A PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) editorial reflects on the journal, which was launched nearly two years ago "to achieve multiple goals by creating a new journal for the NTD community." According to the editorial, the journal has received almost half of its submissions from the NTD-endemic countries (Hotez/Aksoy, 7/28). This information was reprinted from globalhealth.kff.org with kind permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. You can view the entire Kaiser Daily Global Health Policy Report, search the archives and sign up for email delivery at globalhealth.kff.org. © Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. All rights reserved.


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